Essay about Schools Must Reduce Their Use of Standard Tests

I’m sure you have felt personally victimized by the law of No Child Left Behind and some sort of state-mandated standardized testing. Growing up in Pennsylvania, we had the PSSA’s, 4 Sights, and Keystone Exams. They always had felt trivial, but they did serve some purpose as far as immediate impact to our school days. The use of standardized testing as a quantitative tool of measuring student’s performance took off in 2002 with the passing of the No Child Left Behind Act (â€Å"Standardized Tests,†2003). Standardized testing was part of the initiative to become the highest academically ranked country in the world, surpassing the current highest ranked country of China. The ultimate goal of NCLB was to ensure that all students score a†¦show more content†¦Sometimes, teaching to the test may not be as terrible as we think. Having standardized testing focus on essential content and skills that student’s need to master to be prosperous in society is what should be the basis of NCLB. (â€Å"Standardized Tests,† 2003). The exams should also provide good insight as to what subjects schools need to focus more forms of remediation on to improve the education standards of students (â€Å"Standardized Tests,† 2003). Standardized testing also helps schools that desp erately need extra funding. When used for the RIGHT reasons, this extra funding gives tremendous advantage to the students in general; especially those who are economically disadvantaged. With all these controversies over NCLB and standardized testing, it makes you wonder how the most educated country in the world is able to successfully utilize standardized testing. I started researching China’s academic policies, and what I found was surprisingly normal. One of the most recent education reforms passed in China seems uncommonly liberal for such a conservative country. New rules such as no homework, reducing testing, and the prevention of expediting the process of learning seem so mind-bottling simple (Strauss, 2013). What makes them so much more academically prosperous than us? Personally, I think it has a lot to do with our mismatch of culture. In our every-man-for-himselfShow MoreRelatedCommon Core Ineffectiveness1022 Words   |  5 PagesThe Common Core State Standards (CCSS) was first implemented in 2010, nine years after I graduated from high school. Although I wasn’t personally affected by the new academic standards, it has a direct impact on the current and future generation of leaders, innovators, and world changers including my future children. The initial purpose of the Common Core Standards is to set high-quality learning goals designed to prepare students to be college and career ready. Given the current controversies surroundingRead MoreThe Harmful Effects of No Child Left Behind1420 Words   |  6 Pagespublic schools by introducing accountability. Supporters of the act claim that it will increase the performance of all school children by raising the standards and allowing parents greater freedom in choosing the school they want their child to attend. The act also puts in place a system of punishment for schools if their student body does not perform to the standards set down by the National government (NCLB act). As well as increasing standards, this act also encourages teachers to use a curriculumRead MoreCommon Core Should Be Enforced Across The United States1523 Words   |  7 Pagesidea, it is unnecessary , that America has done just fine without it. The Common Core is not working how it should and schools should go back to the way it was before. Many professors and researchers agree that the Common Core does not work and might even be hurting the youth of America. Parents who disagree with the Common Core have started pulling their children out of public school resulting in national education to be even less standardized, which is the opposite affect than what the Common CoreRead MoreInstructional Practices for Standards-Based Curriculum Essay1575 Words   |  7 PagesFOR STANDARDS-BASED Instructional Practices for Standards-Based Curriculum Brandi R. Woods Grand Canyon University EDA 561 - Curriculum Development for School Improvement October 24, 2010 Instructional Practices for Standards-Based Curriculum George W. Bush put into action the No Child Left Behind Act to ensure that all children were giving the right education and succeeding. With this, many states adopted a standard-based curriculum approach that required for all schools to haveRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act1124 Words   |  5 Pages(NCLB) was authorized by and signed into law in 2002. NCLB was a reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) of 1965. NCLB was meant to hold schools to higher standards, enforce accountability, and close achievement gaps that had existed in education since ESEA was enacted. Nevertheless, the rigorous standards and goals set forth under NCLB were never attained. ESEA Flexibility could be attained from the U.S. Department of Education starting in 2012. The accountability plansRead MoreEssay on Aca Task 302.2.3-01-081674 Words   |  7 Pages1. The most advantageous filing status for spouse A and spouse B to use is married filing jointly. 1. Spouse A and B may only choose from the married filing jointly or married filing separately statuses. Under married filing separately the spouses would start accruing taxes against their income sooner. For example under married filing separately a spouse would only be able to earn $8,925.00 of taxable income before they would be progressed to the next tier of the income tax bracket. Under marriedRead MoreImproving Student Performance While Addressing Student Learning Needs774 Words   |  4 Pagestalented students. It makes sometimes difficult for teachers to meet all students needs. Some of the students are learning quickly and some – need extra help and extra time. How can a teacher help students to reach the same academic goals and standards? Probably, data-driven instruction, an efficient approach when students’ performance data is used to improve their learning, might become the solution. March (2006) defines data-driven instructions as the systematic collection, analysis, and applicationRead MoreStandardized Tests With End Of Year Subject Tests1575 Words   |  7 Pagesmoment in the high school. She needed to walk around the stage to the flash of the cameras and the smiles of her family like her classmates. So she collected her proud family members form the Chicago and Washington to come to share in her joy. The problem is that she had not passed one of the four subject regions in the graduation test of the state, which students must pass to receive the regular diploma. She is not alone. Lots of the students failed during the graduation test across the state. (TorresRead MoreNo Child Left Behind Act Essay1646 Words   |  7 Pagesteachers were blamed for low test scores and failing schools. However, many did not taken into consideration overall what was needed in order for the teachers to successfully teach and for the children to retain information (United, 2010). This raises the issue of addressing budget concerns. Teachers were not given enough federal funds to obtain materials to successfully teach children. When there was not enough federal funds the amount of materials given to the schools was not acceptable, leavingRead MoreThe Importance of Driving Education1057 Words   |  4 Pagesfor all drivers before they get their driving license. Driving education is a course of study, as for high-school students, teaches the techniques of driving a vehicle, along with basic vehicle maintenance, safety precautions, and traffic regulations and laws. In Malaysia, all drivers need to pass two tests to get their driving license which are rules and regulation test as well as driving test. However, in a sign of the times, people changed, culture changed, and society changed. Nowadays, many teenagers

A;P Short Story 2 Free Essays

A P â€Å"AP† written by John Updike is a short story about a young boy named Sammy. He was 19 years old and he was working at AP mini market. One day, there were three girls shopping at the store wearing bikinis, and Sammy was surprised yet adore these three girls, until one day he quitted his job because he wanted to be their hero, but unfortunately, the girls didn’t even see him. We will write a custom essay sample on A;P: Short Story 2 or any similar topic only for you Order Now John Updike was trying to describe Sammy as a typical youth who is trying to get some attention. At the beginning of the story, Updike didn’t really describe Sammy. Otherwise, he described more of the girls whom Sammy was looking at. But, along his writing, readers could conclude about Sammy’s physical look. Another thing is that Sammy had his job as a cash register in AP store, and from the way Updike had written, readers could conclude that Sammy doesn’t really like his job. He calls one of his customers a â€Å"witch† and says the other customers are â€Å"houseslaves† and â€Å"sheep. † But what makes him more hate his job is the cash-register-watcher: â€Å"She gives me a little snort in passing, if she’d been born at the right time they would have burned her over in Salem† (303). This shows how much Sammy hates her. In addition, Sammy is sexist. He gives long, loving descriptions of the girls who cause all the trouble. 1 Moreover, Sammy does experience growth through the course of the story. In fact, Updike clearly described it, as when Sammy decided to quit his job: â€Å"So I say â€Å"I Quit† to Lengel quick enough for them to hear† (308). The reader won’t expect this to be happened, but Sammy made a shocking decision by quitting his job just for the girls he’d just knew. But maybe, the reason was not just because of the girls, but also because he had enough of Lengel, and he felt he had enough for all the things he never wanted to but, but he had to. Yes, Sammy was doing his job because his parents were the friends of the store manager, Lengel: â€Å"He’s been a friend of my parents for years† (309). He learned about life, and prepared for the rough road that lies ahead. The most important part of Updike’s story is when Sammy quitted his job. Even Sammy finally knew that the girls were not heard what he said, but he continue to do what he had spilled. Updike is trying to insert some moral value here through Sammy. When Sammy said: â€Å"But it seems to me that once you begin a gesture it is fatal not to go through with it† (309). In addition, by this event, Updike is also wants to reveal that these days, boys will do anything for the girls they like, just like Sammy. Moreover, Sammy knew that when he made that decision, everything will be much harder for him: â€Å"And my stomach kind of fell as I felt how hard the world was going to be to me hereafter† (310). But he realizes that he had done the right thing and what was done had to be done. Moreover, Sammy also indicated that he didn’t want to end up like Stokesie, who was married with two kids, and will probably work in the store for the rest of his life in order to support his family. Stokesie suggests what Sammy 2 might become if he were to continue to work at the A;P. For this, Sammy is adapted to a change in his life by resigning as a cashier at A ; P. Towards the end of the story when he announces that he is quitting, he goes on to say: â€Å"a couple customers that had been heading for my slot begin to knock against each other, like scared pigs in a chute† (309). Readers may have sympathetic feelings of Sammy, because he dare to take actions even that he knew that everything will be much harder for him. It never even crossed his mind that he would quit his job because of girls. In the other hand, readers may not realize that Sammy would go far beyond. But what he had done was realistic, because people always do something that they realize will ruin their life ahead, in other words, people sometimes do craps in their life. Thus, Sammy, the first person narrator, plays an essential role in portraying an in depth viewpoint of the story. His portrayal of a typical teen working in a dead-end job, his thoughts and feelings are very obvious in the story â€Å"A P. † He develop through out the story, he did some outstanding decision that the reader would not expect. 3 Work Cited Updike, John. â€Å"A;P†. A Pocketful of Prose: Vintage Short Fiction Volume 1. Madden, David. Boston: Thomson Higher Education, 2006. 4 How to cite A;P: Short Story 2, Papers

Mad Cow Diease Essay Example For Students

Mad Cow Diease Essay Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy or Mad Cow Disease (BSE), degenerative brain disorder of cattle. Symptoms in cows include loss of coordination and a typical staggering gait. Affected animals also show signs of senility, for example, lack of interest in their surroundings, the abandonment of routine habits, disinterest in feed and water, or unpredictable behavior. Affected cattle show symptoms when they are three to ten years old. First identified in Britain in November 1986, over 170,000 cases have since been recorded there. Sporadic incidences have been confirmed in other European countries, with Switzerland (over 260 cases) and Ireland (over 260 cases) identifying the largest number. It has also been recognized in Canada, where cases are confined to dairy cows imported from Britain. BSE has not been officially confirmed in the United States or any other major milk-producing country. Autopsies of affected cattle reveal holes in the brain tissue that give it a spongy, or spongiform, texture. Similar spongiform diseases have been recognized in humans (for example, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease or CJD) for over a century and in sheep (scrapie) for over 200 years. The cause of BSE is unproven, although there is strong evidence that prions, which may be infective proteins, are the agent. Other hypotheses suggest that prions work with an as yet undetected virus to cause the infection. Recycled animal tissue, which had been routinely fed to British dairy cows as a protein supplement, was identified as the source of the infection. The European Commissions Scientific Veterinary Committee and the world control body, the Fdration Internationale des Epizooties (FNE) believes that BSE was originally spread from sheeps brains infected with scrapie and that its spread was accidentally accelerated by the ingestion of brain tissue taken from cows that had become infected with BSE. Following through with this fodder transmission theory, the British government introduced compulsory destruction of suspect animals and their carcasses beginning in 1988. The feeding of animal tissue to cows was banned in Britain in July 1988 and since mid-1992, monitors working for the United Kingdom Ministry of Agriculture have recorded a persistent decline in the number of confirmed cases. It is estimated that the program will eradicate BSE in Britain by the end of 1999. Since the initial report of the disease, there has been fear and speculation that it might be transferable to humans through milk or beef products. The appearance of CJD in several dairy farmers in Britain in the early 1990s heightened the alarm. The medical community was aware of the similarity of CJD symptoms to those of BSE and the documented fact that a related disease, known as kuru, was spread by ritualistic cannibalism among New Guinea tribesmen. In late 1990, consumer concern over the transmission of BSE to humans triggered a temporary drop in British beef consumption. A similar scare struck Germany in mid-1994. In late March 1996 the British Ministry of Health announced the discovery of 10 cases of a newly described type of fatal CJD (new variant CJD, or nvCJD) in which the victims had distinct brain tissue symptoms, were all under the age of 42, and had no hereditary record of the disease. The government admitted that the victims may have contracted the disease through contact with BSE-infected cattle before the eradication of suspected animals had taken effect. The announcement represented an about-face in the stance of the government, which had previously denied any possible link between BSE and human disease. Following the British governments announcement, beef consumption plummeted in Britain and the European Union banned British beef imports worldwide. At least 16 countries from Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and Asia initiated independent bans. In the United States, the Department of Agriculture made plans to step up its testing of cattle for BSE, although the disease has never bee n reported in U.S. cattle. British beef has been banned in the U.S. since 1989. Although the hypothesis of the cattle-to-human transmission path is not yet proven, it has been strengthened by the results of two studies released in 1997. Laboratory mice injected with brain tissue from BSE-infected cows and another group injected with brain tissue from nvCJD-infected humans both developed the same symptoms of brain degeneration, such as walking abnormally; moreover, for both groups, the infection was ultimately fatal. In addition, researchers found the same prion strain in both groups of mice. In one of the studies,researchers injected a third group of mice with tissue from humans who had died of classical CJD; these mice developed no symptoms and survived the trial. In early 1998 scientists found that the suspected disease agent, prion protein, appears not only in the brain tissue of infected humans but also in other organs and in blood. Subsequently there has been a growing concern that nvCJD might be transmitted through blood products-for example, components of human serum used for vaccines in children. In 1998 the British government announced that a large number of blood products will be tested to determine whether they might be infected with the disease. A ban on the export of British blood products, as well as of a blood protein called albumin, may eventually follow. .u2f6aa0b2230bab202ba227f1a9adeade , .u2f6aa0b2230bab202ba227f1a9adeade .postImageUrl , .u2f6aa0b2230bab202ba227f1a9adeade .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2f6aa0b2230bab202ba227f1a9adeade , .u2f6aa0b2230bab202ba227f1a9adeade:hover , .u2f6aa0b2230bab202ba227f1a9adeade:visited , .u2f6aa0b2230bab202ba227f1a9adeade:active { border:0!important; } .u2f6aa0b2230bab202ba227f1a9adeade .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2f6aa0b2230bab202ba227f1a9adeade { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2f6aa0b2230bab202ba227f1a9adeade:active , .u2f6aa0b2230bab202ba227f1a9adeade:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2f6aa0b2230bab202ba227f1a9adeade .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2f6aa0b2230bab202ba227f1a9adeade .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2f6aa0b2230bab202ba227f1a9adeade .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2f6aa0b2230bab202ba227f1a9adeade .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2f6aa0b2230bab202ba227f1a9adeade:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2f6aa0b2230bab202ba227f1a9adeade .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2f6aa0b2230bab202ba227f1a9adeade .u2f6aa0b2230bab202ba227f1a9adeade-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2f6aa0b2230bab202ba227f1a9adeade:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Asian Families EssayWords/ Pages : 848 / 24

The Fatal circumstances Review Essay Example

The Fatal circumstances Review Paper Essay on The Fatal circumstances Book Time of action in 1881, the novel begins with the assassination of Alexander 2 and goes on to describe the most important events of the year the execution of the People, Dostoevskys funeral, etc., but apart from the first episode to the characters and plot of the book all this has nothing to do and It looks like alien impregnation, as well as the heroes of Dostoevsky Raskolnikov, Svidrigailov, etc. derived in this book as vtorosterennyh characters, but no part, but to show the reader that the author Dostoevsky read in the story not prinimayuschimi.Avtor very loosely refers to as the history, considering it something like a compote of newspaper chronicles and anecdotes, as well as with characters Dostoevskogo.Nu oh well, its a detective and intrigue at least be at the level but no, after presentation of all the facts at the beginning of the book, guess what happened is not difficult, and even track the performance of acute mind of the investigator is not possible, due to P ln ogo lack takovogo.Ves Gursky novel is mainly engaged in arguments about abstract topics, from which much giving platitudes and self-satisfaction, rather than logic, and in the disclosure of the crime he helps sluchaynyyh chain of events, but not their own sposobnosti.Avtor tries to imitate the literary style of the time but written more like a clerical rather than a literary genre stil.Knigu properly be attributed not to the detective, and a tabloid novel. Although one unsolved mystery after reading still remains tsya- annotation author called the acknowledged master of action-genre Referring same fateful circumstances forced him to write it frankly weak work? We will write a custom essay sample on The Fatal circumstances Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Fatal circumstances Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Fatal circumstances Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

The Gender of Countries in the German Language

The Gender of Countries in the German Language Most countries are spelled differently in German than English and they may be masculine, feminine, or neuter. Its easiest to simply memorize which gender is associated with which country in the German language as you learn the spellings of the countries themselves. Gender of Countries Generally speaking, countries in German are not preceded by definite articles. There are however exceptions. The following are some countries that do take on definite articles when talking or writing about them. DIE : die Schweiz, die Pfalz, die TÃ ¼rkei, die Europische UnionDIE Plural: die Vereinigten Staaten (the United States), die USA, die NiederlandeDER: der Irak, der Libanon, der Sudan (note that Middle Eastern countries tend to be masculine).DAS: das Tessin, das Elsass, das Baltikum Born in versus From When stating that someone is from a certain city, often the suffix –er/ erin will be added: Berlin - ein Berliner, eine BerlinerinKÃ ¶ln (Cologne)- ein KÃ ¶lner, eine KÃ ¶lnerinTo state that someone is from a certain country, see Countries and Cities in GermanTo some cities that already end in –er, you can add –aner/ anerin: ein Hannoveraner, eine HannoveranerinHowever, that is quite a mouthful, therefore it is more commonly expressed as such: Sie/ Er kommt aus Hannover. (She/He is from Hanover.)

A Critique Interpretation of the Behind the Beautiful Forevers

A Critique Interpretation of the Behind the Beautiful Forevers The Accident of Birth One’s birthplace can disproportionately influence one’s quality of life. Where per capita income is low and public education not as ubiquitous as in most of the first world, people often experience oppressive limits in terms of their economic opportunities. In India, the cultural remnants of their caste system as well as a general lack of social equality present nearly insurmountable barriers to those who are impoverished. Many Indian families, such as those seen in Behind the Beautiful Forevers, often spend generations with little to no improvement in their quality of life. The people that populate slums like Annawadi are usually victims of the accident of birth, meaning that they were born into poverty. However, although one’s birth determines their economic opportunity, it is worth noting that the accident of birth can have an aggregate effect when already resource-strained societies continue to increase population. In Behind the Beautiful Forevers, it is shown that everyone in Annawadi is aware of the three main ways to get out of poverty (Boo 62). One can find an entrepreneurial niche and thus generate income for oneself, thus elevating one’s standard of living (62). One can also try to fight back against the corrupt system that tries to keep the masses impoverished for their own benefit (62). However, many people look to education as a means of elevating themselves from poverty (62). Each of these methods presents its own advantages and disadvantages, and each method is often very difficult for various reasons. Finding an entrepreneurial niche is often cited as a method for getting out of poverty. For example, the Husains were able to use the skills that their family had accumulated over generations to have better-than-average success as scavengers for recyclable materials (62). However, without any kind of financial education, and without access to capital, it is often insurmountably difficult to realize any kind of entrepreneurial activity, in particular when the ultimate goal is to operate a business in these low-income regions. Additionally, because of the lack of financial expertise, many of these people may end up running nearly identical businesses and competing with each other often to a destructive degree. This is exemplified by the extraordinary number of scavengers living in Annawadi and other slums constantly fighting over dumpsters like street gangs. This is also a function of population, which brings up the aforementioned issue of high birth rates. Working with a corrupt system can often provide a framework for an eventual legitimate ascent into the middle or upper class. For an example, we can look at Asha, who is the unofficial slumlord of Annawadi (17). One of her main sources of income is securing loans for residents of Annawadi, supposedly to jump-start businesses (24). However, she takes money from the loans as commission (25). In this scenario, the theft might not be considered corruption if the circumstances were normal. However, the loans are meant for small businesses and given out based on how many jobs the new business will create (24). Because Asha’s only stake in the loan is the commission, she does not care whether the business will create jobs, or even if there is a business. This myopic self-interest is bad for the economy of Mumbai because the borrowed government funds may not be repaid, and thus government money will have been wasted. Asha is not only a de facto broker of government loans. She also provides residents with access to education or jobs, usually for a fee as well (21). With the money she had aggregated from these corrupt activities, Asha was able to send her daughter, Manju, to a reputable school so that she could be educated and lead a productive life. Through this investment in human capital, Asha will hopefully elevate her entire family’s standard of living. In keeping with the theme of birth rates, it is worth noting that Manju is an only child. Education and vocational training are perhaps the most common way for one to elevate one’s standard of living. In general, the people that are impoverished are low-skilled or semi-skilled laborers. The fact that they are not necessarily trained in anything unique or sophisticated is what prevents them from finding gainful employment. This diminished opportunity for employment is derived from having a lesser skillset than someone who is more educated. Since they are unable to seek gainful employment, they are often unable to send their children to the same schools that they themselves were unable to afford, and the cycle continues. One of the main problems in Annawadi is that there is very little public access to education. Additionally, the public schools that are available are generally of poor quality. For example, of the public schools that are available, only about 40% of the educators even have a college education themselves (63). Furthermore, the schools generally have access to minimal public funding. This can be attributed to the fact that these schools are often the result of corrupt attempts to maintain an image rather than any truly altruistic attempt to educate the people (63). In this society, the overarching corruption has subsumed the mission of education and investment in human capital. Adding to the issue, a society with a quickly increasing population will make it more difficult to benefit from the pedagogical institutions because of increased pressure on resources. Large class sizes are proven to reduce the overall quality of education, but this is particularly true in environments where resources are already strained. For instance, it is highly improbable that there are any textbooks or workbooks available to students in the public schools of Annawadi. Therefore, although there are schools available, they do not necessarily provide the benefits one might imagine. This indicates that increasing access to education is likely not the sole solution to poverty. In places like India that have a historical caste system with social effects that persist, often none of these aforementioned methods will improve one’s employment prospects. Their low caste may decrease access to education and employment to begin with. Additionally, attempts to include historically low-caste people into jobs and governments are often circumvented by corruption. For example, a man named Subhash Sawant, running for the role of Corporator, was not a member of a historically low-caste lineage (51). However, he was able to manufacture the paperwork that said so and he was able to enter and win the election (51). This instance of fraud entitled him to a position meant for historically oppressed Indians. High levels of corruption will prevent even the noblest attempts to include oppressed peoples in the governance and economic activity of a society from achieving any significant result. Those that are in positions of power, without just governance, will simply continue to manipulate the system to keep their power. This means that attempts by the government to create opportunities for the existing population without changing the overall system of government cannot be the sole solution to poverty. Because there is very little ability to educate one’s children and thereby improve the economic value of said child, it is very common for families to have multiple children, voluntarily or otherwise. This is because these children will each earn income in any way that they can. And, since the families have no substantial income, they end up spending little if anything on their children. Ergo, the marginal benefit of an additional child usually outweighs the marginal cost. Furthermore, high mortality rates make it difficult to know exactly how many children one will have even one year in the future, so families make it a practice to have many, which can be thought of as a sort of income insurance. A consequence of high reproduction is perpetually increased competition for resources. Things like water and food become increasingly difficult to access over time if the population continues to grow with no economic improvement. For example, in all of Annawadi there were six faucets that would run water for a total of only three hours per day (53). As competition for resources increases, so do malnourishment and dehydration. These conditions can lead to increased health problems, and often can lead to obvious deficiencies like stunting the growth of a child or teenager (35). People often turn to alternative means to satisfy hunger when food is not available, like smoking the remains of a cigarette, or other cheap ways to achieve a drug high that eases the pain of hunger (35, 43). Since so much time is spent in the pursuit of these resources, it is no wonder that they are unable to focus on things like education or entrepreneurship. The accident of birth is often thought of as the idea that one is born into poverty. However, the implications of many accidents of birth can be appreciated as an aggregate phenomenon as well. Often, people born in impoverished areas are in poverty because everyone else around them was born into poverty. High birth rates are common in underdeveloped regions of the world, often because the act of human reproduction is quite desirable, even under circumstances where the addition of children to a family is unfavorable, as in Abdul’s family in the book (2). This is largely because these families are not capable of investing in human capital through education or vocational training. Ergo, having a child adds to the income potential of a family. Once these new people are born, they have individual needs to which society must attend. Also, these new children often end up in socially destructive behavior cycles identical to those of their parents and relatives. This will increase stress on society’s resources. Ergo, the accident of birth must not only be thought of as an individual’s circumstances of poverty, but also as an aggregate phenomenon of exponential population increase in already adverse circumstances, exacerbating the existing social and economic problems. In conclusion, the place in which one is born can disproportionately influence one’s quality of life and economic opportunity. However, this is not solely a phenomenon related to the chances of an individual. The accident of birth is a situation in which high birth rates in underdeveloped areas of the world decrease opportunity for all by continuously putting stress on what little resources are available. This stress perpetually pushes the impoverished further below the poverty line. This issue will continue to be a problem for as long as people do not have access to reasonably priced methods of contraception in the developing world.

The Pros & Cons of In-House Versus Outsourced R&D (Research & Essay

The Pros & Cons of In-House Versus Outsourced R&D (Research & Development) Activity for Technology Firms - Essay Example The first section takes into account the various purposes and definitions of outsourcing as an activity. The primary reasons are explored in detail as to its evolution and factors influencing its security impacts on businesses. The next section outlines the various security issues that may arise in the outsourcing business and its various implications to the business and customer confidence. The primary focus is on secure outsourcing which acts to the safety of businesses and retains the faith and confidence in their services. It acts as a great tool to foster harmonies relationships and ensure business continuity for gaining competitive advantage. The need for state-of-the-art IT solutions worked out and innovations implemented with small losses, outsourcing may be the only way out. It will save from the nightmare of retraining employees (or even hiring new ones) and/or paying for re-equipment (Kenneth, 2007). Information strategy for any organization is purely based on their requirements to manage business and envelope operations into a system which would in turn effectively manage their resources and yield not only profits in the long run but satisfaction to its employees and customers (Laudon, 2002). Rich human capital: Outsourced software vendors produce ‘A’ level business and technological graduates from its most prestigious institutes like Institutes of Management and Institute of Technology. They possess extremely high talent in terms of fundamental knowledge and high level of skills due to their immense strength of aptitude and quantitative ability. The human capital has capability to take up entrepreneurship and make a difference to their economy (Checkland, 2003). Cost efficiency: In Outsourced software vendors, the costs of living and spending habits are quite less and thus the monetary policies are favorable for development at low costs. It makes it favorable for companies to outsource